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Validator Node

governance layer • validators • protocol control

Validator Node is a participant in a blockchain network responsible for verifying transactions, maintaining ledger integrity, and contributing to consensus. Validator nodes ensure that only legitimate activity is recorded, preventing fraud and keeping the system decentralized.

In Proof of Stake (PoS) systems, validators are chosen based on the amount of cryptocurrency they have staked. In networks like XRP, validators are coordinated through the Unique Node List (UNL), enabling consensus without relying on mining or traditional staking.

Validator nodes enhance decentralization, strengthen security, and in many protocols, earn rewards for their service to the network.

Use Case: A PoS blockchain selects validators who lock up tokens to verify transactions, while XRP relies on UNL-based validators to rapidly finalize payments with low energy costs.

Key Concepts:

  • Proof of Stake — Consensus method where validators are chosen based on staked tokens.
  • Unique Node List — Trusted validator set used in XRP consensus.
  • Consensus Protocol — Rules that validators follow to agree on ledger state.
  • Full Node — Stores the entire blockchain and may also act as a validator in some systems.

Summary: Validator nodes form the backbone of consensus in modern blockchains, ensuring security, transparency, and proper recordkeeping. By staking, trust lists, or other mechanisms, they validate transactions and reinforce network trust.

Feature Traditional Web3
Transaction Approval Cleared by banks or centralized authorities Validated by distributed nodes via consensus
Security Model Relies on central trust and regulation Cryptographic verification and decentralization
Rewards None or controlled fees Validators may earn staking or protocol rewards

System Validator Selection Energy/Cost Profile
Proof of Stake (PoS) Chosen based on staked tokens Low energy, requires capital lock-up
Unique Node List (XRP) Pre-selected trusted validators Minimal energy use, coordination-based
Proof of Work (Mining) Any node with computing power High energy cost, mining competition

 
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