Remittance Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks cross-border value transfer to family or contacts abroad Remittance refers to the transfer of money — often by a foreign worker — to an individual

  Block Confirmation Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks ledger security and transaction finality Block Confirmation refers to the process by which a new block is added to a blockchain and subsequently accepted

  Double-Spend network security • ledger integrity fraudulent attempt to use the same digital funds twice Double-Spend is an attempted attack in digital money or blockchain systems where a user tries to spend the same

  Irreversibility Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks permanent, tamper-proof transaction records Irreversibility refers to the property of blockchain and distributed ledger systems where confirmed transactions cannot be altered, canceled, or undone once

  Transaction Validation Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks network verification process Transaction Validation is the process by which blockchain nodes, especially validators, verify that each transaction meets the protocol’s rules before it

  Scalability Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks network capacity expansion capability Scalability is a blockchain or network’s ability to handle increasing amounts of work, users, or transactions efficiently as demand grows. A

  Decentralization Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks distributed authority and control Decentralization is the distribution of authority, control, and data across a network rather than relying on a single central entity. In

  Security Model Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks protocol defense architecture and threat resistance framework Security Model describes the set of principles, assumptions, and mechanisms that protect a blockchain or distributed network

  Distributed Agreement Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks network-wide state synchronization Distributed Agreement is the process by which a network of independent nodes, computers, or participants reach a common and synchronized view

  Throughput Sovereign Assets • Layer 1s • Payment Networks transaction processing capacity Throughput refers to the number of transactions, operations, or data packets a blockchain network, protocol, or application can process within a specific